Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown - 989 Words

Olivia Kim AP Literature Short Fiction Essay In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1835 allegorical, short fiction â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† innocent, young Puritan of Salem Village, young Goodman Brown willingly leaves his wife and religion Faith and enters the dark forest, where he experiences a radical encounter that alters his ways of life. Throughout this short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne reveals man’s inherent nature to stray and sin, due to man’s corruption of morality. Human fallibility, even that of the religious, good, pure man, is inevitable in the world, where sin and darkness reign through the devil’s destructive temptations and accusations. Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporates countless archetypes, allegories, characterizations,†¦show more content†¦Along with character and color archetypes, Hawthorne also includes situational archetypes to convey the loss of innocence and the fall of man in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† The journey sparked by curiosity led to the encounter with the devil, which resulted in the fall of man and the battle between good and evil. Therefore, although young Goodman Brown entered the forest with only one intention of â€Å"meeting someone† and returning back to Faith, the devil does not easily let go of him. When Goodman Brown halts and tries to turn back towards Faith, the second traveller convinces him to continue and â€Å"they continued to walk onward†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This scene depicts the constant battle between good and evil, where the devil throws temptations and leads man astray from the good, pure, straight walk with the Lord. As Goodman Brown is taken deeper into the forest by the second traveller, they encounter a circle of devil worshippers, from what it seems. Hawthorne uses imagery,epithets, and dialogue to express the consuming darkness. As Goodman Brown draws nearer toward the crowd, he sees and hears. â€Å"Welcome, my children,† says the dark figure, â€Å"to the communion of your race. Ye have found thus young your nature and your destiny. My children, look behind you!† Hawthorne includes chilling dialogue of the devil and describes the crowd of figures to be recognizable by Goodman Brown. â€Å"They turned; and flashing forth, asShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the pu ritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown905 Words   |  4 PagesThough Nathaniel Hawthorne is an author of many great works, his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† still stays relevant because it has themes and subjects that are relatable in today s world. In the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Good man Brown leaves his wife Faith, to go into the woods near Salem to have a meeting with the devil. Appearance vs. reality is shown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† through the plot, the character of Goody Cloyse, and the symbol of the maple staff. The characterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although ever yone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how Hawthorne uses FaithRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown2532 Words   |  11 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† demonstrates how Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to do an errand within the woods with a man that is believed to be the devil. During the time period in which this took place, the 1620’s, many of the people from the village were practicing Puritanism. Puritanism is an intense practice of religion retrieved from Protestants, only removing its Catholic influence. When Goodman Brown entered the woods to meet the devil, he soon turned intoRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesread. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his wife Faith, but he feels that it s his role to

Linden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I Free Essays

There are three ways Luther Nedeed is simultaneously a positive and negative role model for young men who represent the ages of Willie and Lester. First, Luther Nedeed believes in the importance of family but while doing so, he destroys many people, especially his wife and son. This is important because it shows that people can feel a certain way, but in the end, actions speak louder than words. We will write a custom essay sample on Linden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I or any similar topic only for you Order Now Second, Luther Nedeed inspires hope and shows that the American dream is possible but while achieving this dream, it causes some people to sell themselves out. This is significant because it shows that if the prize to achieve the dream is the loss of one’s soul or compromise of one’s standards, the price is too high to pay. Third, Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills but the power he holds goes to his head and he begins to care more about himself than others. This is relevant because life holds the most meaning and opportunity for personal satisfaction in the connections people make with one another and without those, the missing human element will destroy the individuals that choose to turn their backs on society, and therefore, humanity itself. Luther Nedeed believes in the importance of family but while doing so, he destroys many people, especially his wife and son. Luther shows us that he believes in this because he is upholding the Nedeed tradition of working to take care of Linden Hills and creating offspring to take over for him when he passes away. Luther also shows us his belief in family when he thinks about how lonely he is on Christmas and wishes his wife was there with him enjoying the holiday and everything that comes with it. This makes Luther a positive role model because young men who represent the ages of Willie and Lester need to know that family is important. Family will always be there for you, and if you don’t keep them around, you’re going to face some difficult situations later in life without much help. Even though Luther believes family is important, he contradicts himself by destroying people, especially his wife and son. When his son was born, he was light-skinned so he banished him and his wife into the basement where his son would die of starvation. He also ruined Laurel Dumont after her husband left her by telling her that her lease was no longer valid and she had to leave. As a result, Laurel commits suicide by jumping into an empty swimming pool. This is the negative side of this coin. Young men such as Willie and Lester do not need to see people ruining other people’s lives. They need to realize that what they say and preach should be how they act. Unfortunately, Luther fails to do that. Luther Nedeed inspires hope and shows that the American dream is possible. Linden Hills is an affluent black community where many people strive to live because of its fame and what it immediately does to your status once you move in. The Nedeed family started from scratch, one of them with just a cardboard suitcase and a dream, another one who poured cement for numerous foundations, and another who gambled every dime to keep the community afloat during the Depression. Young men who represent the ages of Wilie and Lester need to know that if you work hard enough, the American dream is achievable. It shows them that you must work hard and if you work hard enough, your opportunity may come one day. However, the American dream will cause some people to sell themselves out. By creating Linden Hills and maintaining it, Luther Nedeed has created monsters in the people who will do anything and everything they can to rise to fame and live in Linden Hills. For example, Lester’s sister, who idolizes Eleanor Roosevelt and Diane Ross, and who had enrolled in black history classes in college, now employs bleaching cream and hair relaxer. Her dream is to have a good marriage in Linden Hills. Maxwell Smith, who is a high-ranking executive at General Motors, has achieved perfect physical control of himself and the environment around him. He says that he spends every waking moment trying to be no color at all. This makes Luther a negative role model because people are foregoing their moral standards and values. They are giving everything up to gain that status and young men such as Willie and Lester need to know that the price for that is too high to pay. Luther Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills. He tries to preserve the integrity by writing leases that are good for one thousand years and a day, which will preserve the family tradition for a long time. He tries to protect his wealth and inheritance by working to make Linden Hills better and by making sure that a lease can only be passed down to one’s children or sold to another black family. This is important for young men who represent the age of Willie and Lester to see because it shows one’s loyalty and sense of pride to something. In this case, for Luther, it’s Linden Hills. For someone else, it may be their child, their house, their car, or anything else that they hold true to their heart and love. People need to be loyal to certain things in life and must do everything they can to preserve traditions and values. However, the negative side of Luther comes out becausehis power goes to head and he begins to care more about himself than others. For example, he doesn’t care what type of wife he marries and has a child with. He selects one who he feels will produce a good offspring, bears a child with her, and then has no sexual contact with her thereafter. He also opposes a low-income housing project planned for Putney Wayne, which is a neighboring black ghetto and proposes to join forces with the racist Wayne County Citizens Alliance so property values would not decline. Although this would help black people, Luther is against it because all he cares about is himself and what he loves. People such as Willie and Lester need to recognize this and know that you have to balance what you love and your feelings for others and society. You cannot turn your back on society and mankind because all you care about is yourself and your future. Those who represent the ages of Willie and Lester need to realize that life holds the most meaning and opportunity for personal satisfaction in the connections people make with one another and without those, the missing human element will destroy the individuals that choose to turn their backs on society, and therefore, humanity itself. Luther’s actions eventually did come back to haunt him in the end, specifically his decision to banish his wife and son into the basement. Willa eventually comes up due to an accidental unlocking of the basement door bolt and when she does, a struggle ensues and the house along with everything and everyone inside of it burns to death. All of these actions and decisions show that there are different ways Luther Nedeed is simultaneously a positive and negative role model for young men who represent the ages of Willie and Lester. First, Luther Nedeed believes in the importance of family but while doing so, he destroys many people, especially his wife and son. This is important because it shows that people can feel a certain way, but in the end, actions speak louder than words. Second, Luther Nedeed inspires hope and shows that the American dream is possible but while achieving this dream, it causes some people to sell themselves out. This is significant because it shows that if the prize to achieve the dream is the loss of one’s soul or compromise of one’s standards, the price is too high to pay. Third, Nedeed wants to preserve the integrity and value of Linden Hills but the power he holds goes to his head and he begins to care more about himself than others. This is relevant because life holds the most meaning and opportunity for personal satisfaction in the connections people make with one another and without those, the missing human element will destroy the individuals that choose to turn their backs on society, and therefore, humanity itself. How to cite Linden Hills and the Struggles That Come with I, Papers

Social and Cultural Perspectives Relating to Health †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Reflection on the Social and Cultural Perspectives Relating to Health. Answer: This reflective journal will critically examine the social perspectives and cultural factors, social determinants approaches, social and cultural theories and approaches related to the public health, social changes, movements, inclusion, and social justice, and health inequalities. This journal will put the critical reflections on the social and cultural factors and perspectives responsible for the public health through my own learning experiences, thoughts, views, and opinions. The anthropological and social perspectives are focused on correlating the public health issues with the cultural and social issues. The culture is the system of shared values, beliefs, assumptions, concepts, ideas, and experiences that are shared among the people in their social lives. The cultural is a social system that establishes rules and standards as well as creates the liabilities, obligations, and responsibility of the society members to be social for developing the social relationships with the families, communities, and society as well as protecting the families, land, and natural environment. The society is comprised of the individuals or population that is marked by the relative separation from the distinctive culture and surrounding populations(Australian Social Inclusion Board, 2012). The culture guides the humans or living people how to behave with the family members, society people, relative, community and local environment through a set of guidelines. The anthropology focuses on the small-sized, rural areas, and underdeveloped cultures rather than the industrialist, large-scale, urban population or capitalist cultures. The anthropological approach relates to the cultural relevance for issuing the power, control, defiance, and resistance affiliated with the health problems, healing, and illness. The social epidemiology focuses on the social variables or demographic differences, such as social status, marital status, income, family, social backgrounds, occupation, and disposable income. While, the cultural epidemiology focuses on the cultural diversities, disease classification, cultural risks, behavior, assumptions, and cultural health issues. The social epidemiology in the case of Titanic marine mortality shows the relationship between the social class and mortality, while the cultural epidemiology emphasized the cultural values of the women, crew, and children in the maritime accidents interacting with the social class and rules (Cameron, et al., 2012). The cultural factors comprise of the healing system, illness experience, and patient-practitioner transactions. The diseases require for the curing and illness requires for the healing. The healing system of illness is categorized to the health problems and diagnosing the illness. The genres in the narrative medicine include medical fiction, medical autobiography, lay exposition, writing exercises of the healthcare training, and the stories from the practices. From the theory of Burk, the key concepts include biographical disruption and narrative reconstruction. The chronic narratives include contingent (origins, symptoms, and effects of illness), moral (social, ethical, and harmony relationship with society people, relatives, colleagues and family), and core narratives (identity change and self-presentation). The life-threatening illness includes chaos, quest, and restitution). From the concept of Cassell (1991), the people realize pain when the pain is overwhelming and out of contr ol, source of pain is unknown and apparently sight without end. While, the suffering is opposite to this in which source of pain is known, controlled position, and ended (Fraser, 2009). The illness narratives explain the illness events, reconstruct the history of chronic illness, and transform the illness from the individual to the collective phenomenon. The illness narratives encourage the people to write, speak, represent, illustrate, and enact with the stories. The lay accounts of the health and illness include using body as a machine under siege, will-power account, robust individualism, gods power account, cultural critics, and health promotional account to maintain the healthier life style. The spirituality promotes connectedness that includes relationship with self, others, natural places and things, and with the transcendence. The spirituality is expressed through the values, beliefs, norms, practices, traditions, and customs. The malignant social psychology concept of Kitwoodb (1997) includes labeling, outpacing, disruption, ignoring, withholding, banishment, treachery, intimidation, disempowerment, imposition, mockery, accusation, stigmatization, invalidat ion, disparagement, and objectification causing for the public health problems and issues (Cobb, et al., 2012). The social factors could be considered for understanding how the social relationships, processes, and organizations create inequalities. The social systems structures, changes, and functioning affect the society members. The social system is required to ensure adaptation to the environment, goals-attainment, social integration, and motivation of the society members. The structural features of the social system, such as political system (government intervention and bureaucracy and political parties), economy system (economic conditions, banking system, and industry), kinship (marriage and family relationship), and cultural and community organizations (schools, church, hospitals, and media organizations) are such concerns that affect the public health problems and safety issues. The society is characterized by the social interaction, harmony relationships, and linkages between the social people and social organizations. The social structure system could be improved by avoiding or preventing the public health issues, illness, diseases, and accidents by developing effective social health structure through the establishment of the hospitals, clinics, and health care system and employing the health professionals rehabilitating them to carry-out their roles, duties, and responsibilities effectively (Fraser, 2010). The sick person could be kept exempted from playing the normal social duties and responsibility. Goffman describes the symbolic interaction that bridges the sociological and psychological approaches. Germov approach defines the social system as cumulative action of the human efforts, interpretation, and interactions. The healthcare professionals could perform the social services for curing or healing the sickness or accidents. Applying the objective and scientific knowledge can assist to control on the diseases or social inequalities based on the gender, class, and ethnicity. According to the Feminist perspectives, the healthcare professionals enforce the motherhood and social norms of the femininity in their healthcare practices. The womens lives are revolved around the reproductive life cycle through the peripheral structures repressed and exploited by the society (Australian Social Inclusion Board, 2012). According to the Marxism approach of the social inequality, the society is exploitive and conflicted as the healthcare professionals focus and reinforce the individualized understanding of health. From the perspective of Foucault, the social construction is the social networking of power relationship in which the illness is identified through a set of tables. According to the social determinant approach, the social factors should be considered affecting the public health in the society. The social determinants of health are brought about to make changes in the health either for better health or worse cure or treatment. The social determinants include the social policies, ethnicity, gender, social backgrounds, socio-economic status, political and economic changes, social norms, network, social science, cultural change, community focus and intervention, biological science, and health facilities and clinics are such issues that affect the health issues of the society people. The poor health conditions, unemployment, unsafe workplace, globalization, and urban slums cause for the health problems in the societies. The environmental determinants influencing the public health include physical environmental conditions, working environment, unemployment, housing, overcrowding, water and sanitation, pollution, land degradation and biodiversity agric ulture and foods production, and use of pesticides, fertilizers, and insecticides in the crops are such determinants that affect the health issues (Frohlich and Potvin, 2010). The biological determinants affecting the public health include age (higher age mortality rates), sex (higher male mortality rates), and heredity factors (genetic effect on health issues). Public health is the most powerful social determinant that is more than the absence or prevention of disease, sickness, and disability. The old public health policy focuses on the physical and hygienic work environment for reducing/preventing the illness or diseases, while new health policy focuses on the social environment for healthier and social life. From the social scientific perspective of Germov (2006), the social scientific approach depends upon the cultural, historical, structural, and critical factors that shape the social system. The social determinant approach could be understood better from the highly-articulated presentations of Sir Harry Burns who represented about the spiritual care and health for improving the health outcomes, conditions, and well-being through an international teleconference held at Glasgow (Fraser, 2010). The reports on the social determinants of the WHO by Michael Marmot (the chairman of the WHO) represented how the social determinants affect the health and well-being of the society individuals. The contemporary practices about the health services, social, and ecological/holistic approaches are related to the public health. The healthcare services, such as hospitals, healthcare centers, private clinics, community health centers, midwifery, infant welfare, general healthcare practices, population health, and aged care facilities are aimed at improving the health system through the proper care in the form of curing, treatment, and prevention of the illness, disease control, and health promotion. The expert treatment requires referring, accessing, prognosticating, diagnosing, curing, treating, and managing the health system as well as researching the investigating treatments. The social health services, such as agricultural and community groups, water, housing, and social environment, transportation, schools, colleges, electricity supply, and commodity pricing and income levels affect the healthcare system of the society individuals (Hahn and Inhorn, 2009). The social healthcare system is aimed at improving the health promotion through the social inclusion, citizen participation, social exclusion, and the core social activities (such as negotiations, social power, networks, allocation, mediation, prioritization, counseling, and collaboration with the society members). For improving the public health in the societies, the healthcare systems in the communities or society areas are required more specialist medical teams in the disability and chronic illness, more hospitals and healthcare clinics, charity healthcare foundations, primary or emergency healthcare treatment, and long-term care facilities and provisions of the medical therapies for the disabled and chronically-ill people (Rumbold, 2012). The social approach of the healthcare system is related to understanding the social determinants, health behaviors, health policies, illness experience, and professional health expertise or knowledge for influencing the health system. But, the c ontradictory health analysis, complex social discussion, and physical system can create limitations to the social health system. The holistic or ecological approach focuses on communication, human dignity, life fulfillment, achievements, commitment, sharing, dedication, sacrifice, social responsibility, faithfulness and ecological adaptation for the health promotion or improving the health conditions. The ecological/holistic approach is aimed at understanding the environmental determinants and global environment and cultural system that shape the physical environment. The ecological approach could face problem in persuading, convincing, and influencing the people. According to this approach, the health promotion is aimed at healing, curing, and wholeness as the illness is caused from the failure to engage with the life and inability to develop capabilities. The healthcare promotion in the society includes the core activities, such as guiding, healing, curing, nurturing, empowering, liberating, sustaining, and reconciling (Lynch, 2012). The BPS health care approach focuses on understanding the biological determ inants (sex, age, and heredity effect), addressing the individual health behaviors and connecting the psychological processes with the individual behaviors. Health education and training, employment, housing and accommodation, economic resources, family functioning and community well-being, population size, cultural programs and leisure activities, social cohesion, economic growth, and environmental quality are major areas of the individual health and community well-being. The resources, such as natural capital (sunlight, water, fauna, flora, atmosphere, soil, minerals, energy sources, and ecosystem), economic capital (economic assets, income sources, financial and non-financial corporations, like technology, transport and communication, infrastructure, and public facilities), and human capital (skills, knowledge, capabilities, and experiences) affect the healthcare system of the society individuals. The social capital includes the networks (bridging, bonding, and linkage), network composition (family, friends, relatives, colleagues, association, organization/groups, and general people), and network structure (size, communication mode, density and openness, power relationship, and social mobility/movements). It also involves the network transactions (sharing knowledge and information practices, negotiations, sanctions, and sharing the physical, financial, and emotional support), and network qualities (social relationships, social norms, social changes or inclusion purpose, cohesion, social, civic, community, and economic participation), reciprocity, mutual trust and understanding, and civic participation that affect the health system of the society individuals (Parker, 2012). According to the concept of Weber, the social circumstances shape the life styles. The social capital reflects the cooperation, participation, and mutual trust, but it can also create the social exclusion an d inequalities. The social exclusion is denial or abuse of the resources, rights, and inability to participate in the social relationships. It is connected with the boundaries of the social, political, legal, and economic areas and affects the living standards, equity, and cohesion among the society people. The mechanism of the social exclusion includes systematic discrimination, discomfort, deformity, mental disorder, and tribal factors (religion, race, and ethnicity). The lack of the human, financial, and social capital, unemployment, language, ethnic, and discrimination barriers, and environmental deficiencies create barriers to civic or social participation. According to Social Exclusion Matrix of Bristol (2007), the social exclusion has three dimensions including quality of life (care, well-being, nutrition, living environment), resources (material, financial, economic, physical, humans, and social resources), and participation (economic, social, cultural, civic, and emotional participation). The social inclusion is the socially inclusive conditions where an individual feels valued, respected, self-motivated, and participated. The social inclusion includes being socially responsible and inclusive for promoting the health. It creates opportunities for the individuals through learning, work, engagement, and having a voice. The learning culture, education and training, employment, healthy working conditions, adequate sources, participation, and empowerment are favorable conditions of the social inclusion that affect the quality of life and welfare of the society individuals. The social justice promotes the fairness, equality, and transparency by avoiding the discrimination as the fairness is central to the social justice approach (Teater, 2010). It is based on two theories arrangement-focused (focused on the institutional arrangements and structures) and realization focused (situation based or focused on the agency). AS per the theoretical concept of Bruce Rumbold, the social changes, social justice, and social inclusion encourage the health promotion. The social changes, such as social movements foster the goal achievement, morality, social interactions and transaction for meeting their personal and social needs and expectations. The social movements, such as health access movements, embodied health movements, and constituency basis health movements are collective efforts for promoting the health awareness for the wellness and welfare of the society people by avoiding their health problems, grievances, and illness. For example- the Breast Cancer movement and HIV AIDS Movement are the social health movements that are run for the rehabilitation, treatment, and public awareness for the prevention. The embodied health social movements embody the healthcare practices and experiences into the social awareness and challenge the scientific and medical knowledge (Rumbold, 2012). These involve the collabo ration with the health professionals, scientists, and researchers in pursuing the treatment, funding, prevention, and research. For example, SANE supports the communities, families, cares, and society people through the mental health care services. The cultural competence recognizes the ability of the individuals to work effectively with the people of diverse cultural backgrounds. It includes the cultural responsive, humility, aware, relevant, and sensitive. The cultural conditions (language differences, arts, historical backgrounds, cultural programs, sports events, religions), political conditions (government intervention and spending pattern, society constructions, power, political processes), legal (judiciary system, legal processes, rules and regulations, legal rights, representation, regulatory frameworks and mechanism, movement, associations, civil and constitutional laws), and institutional conditions (institution for promoting the public health (WHO, UNESCO), promotion of economic stability (international monetary fund, reserve bank), and agencies for the policy implementation (ombudsman and tribunals)affect the social health system. From the journal of Sabrina Gupta, it is reflected that Anglo-Australian people (AA, Australian born living in India, Sri Lanka) faced the cardiovascular or heart diseases because of the Australian origin. While, on the other hand the Australian dwelling South Asian People (SA Indian, and Sri Lankan Background people, immigrants to Australia) faced the type 2diseases and low BMI because of the country of Indian subcontinent origin (Scambler, 2009). This case emphasizes the racism (physical characteristics) and ethnicity (social characteristics), such as discrimination, heterogeneity, difference in social status, engagement, and behaviors, and different risk profiles. From the demographic studies, it is reflected that the most participants (AA- 88%, SA 81%-among them faced diabetes 2 in comparison to CVD disease (AA- 13% and SA-37%) for the age range (AAs-39-74 years and SAs-28-80 years). The societies follow the social hierarchical structures that reflect the gradient health system that is better at the top than bottom. The most number of the diseases concentrated at smaller ages are at the bottom. For example, from the WHO report, the life expectancy for India, Philippines, Korea, Lithuania, Poland, Mexico, Cuba, US, UK are representatively 61, 65, 65, 66, 71,72, 75, 75, and 76. The difference of the life expectancy from 1972-1976 and 1992-1996 for men increased from 5.5 to 9.5 and for women increase from 5.3 to 6.4. The WHO reports also show that the most number of deaths in the USA caused from the heart diseases (26%), Melignant Neoplasm (20%), CVD (6%), chronic illness (4%), injuries (3.5%), and diabetes (2.5%). The causes for the deaths in the societies of the USA include Tobacco use (18%), Physical inactivity, poor dieting (15%), and alcohol consumption (3.5%). Managing health and illness is required biological (better cure and treatment), socio-cultural (pursu ing social equity), and psychological explanation (promoting the healthier life styles). The health inequalities show differences in mortality, morbidity, the lack of access to health services, workplace injury rates, and infectious diseases that are unavoidable, unnecessary, unjust, and unfair. The health inequalities are caused due to the income and education disparities, socio-economic status, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and unfair trade, the lack of autonomy, globalization impact, and ethnicity. The life expectancy, literacy, infant and mortality, imprisonment, social mobility, trust, cohesion, obesity, mental illness, alcohol consumption are indexes of the social and health problems (Parker, 2010). According to Scambler (2009), the exercise of power includes violence, exploitation, powerless, marginalization, and cultural imperialism. The stigma arises from the social consensus that labels the individuals in the specific category. Ageing, dying, and disability are likely to increase in the years of life. The Healthy End of Life Program (HELP) is a part of the community development model that includes OTTAWA Charter, community development, compassionate communities, social change, social network research, and public health principles. The Victorian Council support the community development by focusing on building the organizational capacity, community capacity, using evidence-based and sustainable public health interventions, and evaluate the effectiveness of this approach. According to OTTAWA Charter, the health promotion is required strengthening the community action, developing personal skills, reorienting the health services, creating the harmonious and supportive environment, and mediating, enabling, and advocating for the health. The public health management services promote the palliative care services (strengthening community action, creating healthy environment, build public health policies, and personal skills development) and compassionating communities. The compensation focuses on responding with generousness and humanity to the persons pain, discomfort, distress, grievance, and anxiety (Lynch, 2012). The effectiveness of the social health system requires clean and safe environment, community involvement, sustainable ecosystem, and diverse innovative economy, ease of access of the health services, and pollution and risk free environment. According to public health model of bereavement support, the risk factor is classified into three categor ies high risk 6.4% (10%), moderate risk (35.2%) 30%, and low risks 58.4% (60%). Education is used as a social determinant of the health for the well-being, and better health of the individuals in the society because it is used to educate and aware the people and influence their health behaviors directly. While, the negative school experience is related to the abuse of power, violence, smoking and alcohol consumption, fighting, disconnection and disobeying the family members and peers, irregular routines, and substantial use. The Pavilion School approach focuses on the 50/50 staffing model, building positive and harmony relationship between the staffs and students, no exclusion, constructed classes, flexible schooling time and student working (Puchalski, et al., 2012). The socially just schooling approach includes dimensions affective justice (Lynch), Distributive justice (Fraser), Representative Justice (Fraser), Recognitive Justice (Fraser) and Contributive Justice (Sayer). From the above reflections, it is critically reviewed that there are several social and cultural perspectives, approaches, theories, and factors that create the social and health inequalities, problems, and contemporary health practices affecting the life styles, living standards, and social healthcare system of the individuals in the society. References Australian Social Inclusion Board (2012) Social inclusion in Australia: How Australia is faring. [Online]. Available at: https://www.socialinclusion.gov.au. (Accessed: 25 October 2017). Cameron, A., Lart, R., Bostock, L., and Coomber, C. (2012)Factors that promote and hinder joint and integrated working between health and social care services.London: SCIE. Cobb, M., Puchalski, C., and Rumbold, B. (2012) The Oxford Textbook of Spirituality in Healthcare. New York: Oxford University Press. Fraser, N. (2009) Scales of justice: Reimagining political space in a globalizing world. New York: Columbia University Press. Fraser, N. (2010) Injustice at intersecting scales: On social exclusion and the global poor. European Journal of Social Theory, 13 (3), pp. 363-371. Frohlich, K. and Potvin, L. (2010) Commentary: Structure or agency?Int J Epidemiology, 39, pp.378-379. Hahn, R. and Inhorn, M. (2009) Anthropology Public Health: bridging differences in culture society. New York: Oxford University Press. Lynch, K. (2012) Affective equality as a key issue of justice: A comment on Frasers 3 -Dimensional framework, Social Justice Series, 12(3), pp. 45-64. Parker, J. (2010)Effective Practice Learning in Social Work.Exeter: Learning Matters. Rumbold, B. (2012) Models of spiritual care, The Oxford Textbook of Spirituality in Healthcare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 177-183. Scambler, G. (2009) Health-related stigma, Sociology of Health and Illness. 31(3), pp. 441-455. Teater, B. (2010)An Introduction to Applying Social Work Theories and Methods. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Kurt Cobains Death free essay sample

Kurt Cobain: Murder or Suicide? On April 8, 1994 Kurt D. Cobain’s body was discovered in his home in Seattle, Washington. Cobain was the front-man for Nirvana, a 90’s grunge band hailed as the â€Å"flagship band† of Generation X, who produced well-known hits such as â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit† and â€Å"Heart-Shaped Box. † His death shocked the nation, leading to many copy-cat suicides and leaving many of the youth feeling hopeless and abandoned. Although everyone knew he was a suicidal drug addict, no one believed that he killed himself. People often theorized that Courtney Love was his murderer, not that she held the gun to his head, but that she hired someone to kill him. So the question still stands 17 years later: Did he commit suicide or not? Theory #1 Murder: Love DeWitt Many people began to theorize that Courtney Love, Cobain’s wife and mother of their daughter Frances Bean, and Michael DeWitt, a male nanny that resided in the Cobain residence, had something to do with his death. We will write a custom essay sample on Kurt Cobains Death or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People began to say that Love and DeWitt conspired to kill Kurt because the two were in love with each other, and Courtney knew that Kurt would not let her go that easily. DeWitt and Love were never accused of having an affair. The only thing that led to this theory was a note that DeWitt had written Kurt about learning to take care of his responsibilities, Frances and Courtney, and to clean up his act. Theory #2 Murder: Love Pays Someone to Kill Cobain After Kurt’s death a gentleman who calls himself El Duce, the lead singer of an LA band called â€Å"the Mentors,† had told reporters that Courtney Love had offered him $50,000 dollars to kill Kurt Cobain. Even though he had said he was not able to carry out her offer because his band was touring, he brought it to the public’s attention that Love would have very well paid some hit-man to kill her husband. Another reason for this is that Kurt and Courtney were on the brink of divorce and he wanted her name pulled out of the will, so before he could do so, she wanted him dead. First off why would Love ask someone to carry out a deed such as this the first time meeting them and in public? Also how would her name being pulled out of the will devastate her since her band, Hole which she was the lead singer and guitar player of, was just as successful as his, which meant making the same amount of money as he did? Theory #3 Suicide: Cobain Reached the Peak of Fame I believe that the ruling of death was completely right: Kurt Cobain had committed suicide. There is substantial evidence that his death was self-inflicted. Not only was he released from detox about seven days before his death, but he also had a friend buy him a shot gun days before that. Cobain was a heroin addict, clinically depressed and also bipolar. He often told people, namely his band mates, how he wanted to die. Evidence #1: Heroin Blood Levels On April 14, 1994 the Seattle Post-Intelligencer released the official toxicology report that concluded that Cobain’s blood levels contained 1. 52 milligrams of heroin per litre of blood. Many people on the bandwagon of his murder will believe Grant, an investigator and the main person trying to prove Cobain was murdered, when he claims that anyone with that amount of Heroin in their system could not keep injecting themselves let alone pick up a gun and fire it. But sadly for those who has decided to believe Grant it is well known among doctors and addicts alike that if you have done heroin for many years, at very high doses which often led to overdoses, as Cobain experiences often, that you will develop a high tolerance which means it will take higher amounts to get you high and an even higher amount to kill you. Evidence #2: The Suicide Note It is almost always a given that when there is a note in the vicinity of a dead body it was most likely a suicide. The note that was only a few feet from the dead body of Kurt Cobain was written to explain his intent to leave not only Courtney, as they were planning on a divorce which is a big reason on why people believe she had something to do with it, but Seattle and the music business as well. At the bottom of the note there are a few lines that often make people question if those were also written my Kurt. Those last lines are said to be the only ones that infer suicide, even though to me the way he wrote the rest implies it as well, are believed to be written either by Courtney or the nanny. Anyone who has done drugs knows that when you shoot up that your functions slowly shut down, which is one explanation for the difference in hand writing, or even the fact that he was suicidal, maybe he was crying which would blur his vision and make it hard to write correctly. Evidence #3: The Gun Cobain had used a Remington Model 11, 20 Gauge Shotgun to shoot himself. First off with the conspiracy theories, people say he used just a regular hunting rifle (Remington Model 700), which is not true. Also many people say that he shot himself in the left temple, which makes absolutely no sense because first off he was right handed so it would be really awkward for him to reach around with a bulky shotgun to shoot himself on the left side. Also people should learn to not believe everything they see because the picture of his death that was published was a fake, and also the reason many people believe the temple theory. No blood was ever found on the right side of his head, which means that the bullet did not enter the left side nor exit the right. The medical examiner’s report says that he held the gun into his mouth and fired the shot. There is ample evidence that it was in his mouth because of the burns and residue left there. Also many people feel that because there are no fingerprints on the trigger that he did not shoot himself, they believe the weapon was wiped clean. Gun experts have claimed that fingerprints can be extinguished when the gun recoils after being shot. Conclusion No matter what anyone says, I know that Kurt Cobain committed suicide, whether the fatal blow was due to the heroin or the bullet, he killed himself. Not only was he suicidal, depressed, and bipolar, he had reached the peak of fame. And in his book Journals he writes a section where he talks about when he hits the peak of fame he was going to kill himself, and this was written before Nirvana ever had gotten a gig. Another odd occurrence is that he died when he was 27 years old, along with other idols such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison. His sister told fans in the book Heavier Than Heaven written by Charles R Cross in 2001 that when Kurt was young he often talked about how he wanted to join the Forever 27 Club. There is ample evidence that he had killed himself and to support my view just look at his death certificate. For those whom think he was murdered, there is not one single piece of evidence that shows that anyone else injected the heroin into his system or shot him in the mouth. Yes Kurt Cobain was an American idol, yes his death has drastically affected the music world and yes he was on the top of the world but no one took that away from him other than himself. The only reason these theories have come about is because of a few reasons: it is hard to come to terms that someone so influential could kill themselves, it is hard to believe that his ‘psychotic’ wife had nothing to do with his death and that those people especially Grant just want to make money from the books and movies they keep making about it.